According to a report, the number of air conditioning units in India is growing rapidly, with the number of air conditioning units being used in India by the year 2022, the number of air conditioning units being utilized in the whole world could be fourth This can lead to more danger of climate.

key points

  • Cooling refrigerants, which are used for cooling, are one of the main factors for global warming, and if they are not controlled, they can increase the global temperature by up to 0.5 degrees Celsius.
  • According to a report called 'Solving the Global Cooling Challenge' prepared by the Rocky Mountain Institute, there is a need for a technical solution that helps reduce this effect to 1/5 part and the power required to operate the air conditioning units Could ensure the reduction in the quantity by 75%.
  • According to the report, along with a five-fold increase in emerging economies, approximately 50 billion room air conditioners are estimated to be installed by the year 2050, which is almost four times the number of units currently installed.
  • A technical solution will not only reduce the burden on the power grid but save $ 109 trillion ($ 1.5 trillion).

Deletion of hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs)

  • India is one of the 107 countries that signed the agreement in 2016, with the objective of reducing a powerful greenhouse gas called Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) by 2045, and by 0.50 Celsius in global temperature by 2050 To stop the potential increase was to take steps.
  • HFCs are a family of gases, which are mainly used as refrigerants in the air conditioner used in homes and cars. HFCs continually contribute to global warming. India, China, the United States and Europe are committed to reducing the use of HFCs by 85% by 2045.

What efforts are being made?

  • Recently, several departments in India, including the Department of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Energy, announced a partnership with Conservation X Labs, a US Institute Rocky Mountain Institute and a provider of solutions on technology. Through this partnership a global cooling award will be instituted, which aims at motivating research labs around the world to develop highly efficient cooling technologies.
  • During the two year competition period, Rs. 21 crores ($ 3 million) will be allocated in the form of a prize. Each of the 10 competing technologies included in the final list will be given an amount of up to 1.4 crores ($ 200,000) as intermediate awards to support the development of their innovative residential cooling technology designs and prototypes.
administration

Maternity Leave Incentive Scheme

Why in the discussion?

In order to encourage private sector employers to implement the extended 26-week Maternity Leave Rule, the Labor Ministry is working on an incentive scheme for the return of 7 weeks of remuneration to those employers.

Important point

  • The Ministry of Labor and Employment is working on such an incentive scheme, under which the women employees with salary limit up to Rs 15,000 / - will be given 7 weeks' remuneration to employers who are employed and 26 weeks of payday maternity leave. Will be done.
  • Some conditions have also been fixed for this and it has been estimated that by implementing the proposed incentive scheme, the Government of India, the Labor and Employment Ministry, will have to bear the financial burden of about Rs 400 crore.

Purpose of Incentive Scheme

  • Implementing the 26-week extended maternity leave rule is proving to be good in the context of public sector, but the report has revealed that it is for the private sector as well as women working on contracts or contracts. Not being proved right
  • It is generally assumed that private sector bodies do not encourage women employees, because if women are employed, they have to give maternity leave especially with a salary of 26 weeks.
  • At the same time, the Ministry of Labor and Employment is receiving complaints about the effect that when the employer receives this information that any of his female staff is pregnant or if he applies for maternity leave then he has done it without any concrete basis. The contract is terminated.
  • The Labor Ministry has received several memorandums in this regard, in which it has been stated that how the increased period of maternity leave is proving to be harmful for the women employees, because without any concrete basis, Then they are asked to resign or they are sorted out.
  • Therefore, the Ministry of Labor and Employment required to bring such an incentive scheme.

Impact of Incentive Scheme

  • If the proposed scheme is approved and implemented then it will ensure the adequate security and safe environment of the women of this country as well as their equal access to employment and other approved benefits.
  • Apart from this, women will be able to deal with the care of the baby as well as domestic work.
  • The Ministry of Labor and Employment is currently in process of obtaining necessary budgetary grants and obtaining sanction from competent authorities, but at present, no cess like Labor Welfare Cess (Less) is available in the Ministry.

Background of the act

  • Under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, they come to the factories, mines, gardens, shops and establishments and other bodies, where 10 or more employees are employed.
  • The main purpose of this Act is to regulate the employment of women working for certain period before and after the birth of the child in certain establishments and they have to provide maternity benefits as well as some other benefits.
  • This Act was amended through the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017, in which, apart from other things, the period of maternity leave, including salary for women employees has been increased from 12 weeks to 26 weeks.
International relations

Brechitz Minister Dominic Rab resigns in protest of Breakfast deal draft

Why in the discussion?


UK resignation secretary Dominic Rab and other ministers resigning in protest of the draft draft of the break agreement, British Prime Minister Theresa May has increased the difficulty of breaking strategy. Among those who have resigned are the Minister for Work and the Pension Minister Easter Macway and another Minister. This has raised questions on the leadership of Theresa May and there is a possibility of bringing a no-confidence motion against them.

main point

  • The resignation of the European Union (EU) against the Draft of Dissemination of the UK was started by Shailesh Vara, Minister of Indian Origin of the Northern Ireland Affairs. Soon after, the Minister of Relief announced that the proposed agreement is a danger to Britain's sovereignty and it is not in the country.
  • Shortly after this incident, the breakjet pro-Jacob Reese-Demand challenged them in the Lower House of Parliament, expressing their faith in the leadership of Theresa May.
  • Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), which supports the Theresa government, has already warned that the agreement will withdraw support from the government in case of any discrimination with Northern Ireland.
  • EU President Donald Tusch said in Brussels that a special conference will be organized by the European Union on November 25 to sign a break agreement agreement with Britain.
  • In the meanwhile, France has described the proposed Breakage Agreement as franchise good for the economy.
Brazil
  • It is mainly composed of two words Britain and Exit, which means Britain's exit from the European Union.
  • In June 2016 it was referendum in the UK. In this, more than 30 million people voted with 71 percent voting and 52 percent voted in favor of Brexit.
  • The British public decided to go out of the European Union with the aim of maintaining Britain's identity, independence and culture.
  • After the law of the European Union (evacuation) Bill became the legislation, it has replaced the European Community Act of 2017.
  • By March 29, 2019, the UK has to leave the European Union. British law will be valid only from March 29, 2019. Transition phase will start from March 29, 2019 and it will end on the last day of December 2020.
  • The draft has been drafted for the agreement of separation of UK from the European Union, which is being called a Breakage Draft Deal.

Forwarding situation

  • On November 14, the British cabinet approved the breakage draft deal.
  • After a consensus on this draft, there will be a longer period of meetings between the European Union and the UK, and a meeting will be held on November 25 for the draft Deal Manzure in the end of November, where the EU is likely to approve the breakage agreement. is. It is important for all 27 member countries of the European Union to approve this agreement.
  • This agreement will then be introduced in the UK Parliament.
  • If Parliament is voted in favor of Proposal, then the bill of separation from the European Union will be introduced in the beginning of the next year. But in the event of Parliament rejecting it, the Government will have to bring a new proposal within 21 days.
  • After approval of this proposal from the British Parliament, the European Union Parliament will have to approve it with the general majority. However, in this regard, the EU and Britain have a long way to go.

Issue of conflict on draft

  • Cabinet's cooperation has been received in Theresa on the breakage issue, but it is difficult to persuade everyone on this agreement in Parliament.
  • The sign comes from the resignation of breakage secretary Dominic Rab and others.
  • In this agreement, the border issue with Ireland is the biggest concern.
  • The United Kingdom and the European Union will be seen as 'the same tax area' where borders will not be charged.
  • There is talk of keeping Northern Ireland under the European Union's one-market rules so that difficulties do not arise in relation to boundaries.
  • Draft agreement gives a discount that if it does not meet the deadline, it can be extended, but it will be only for one time and for a limited time.
  • The reason behind the resignation of Easter Macway was that it is necessary that they have control over their money, their borders and laws, and have their own independent business policy, but this agreement failed to do so.
  • At the same time, Prime Minister Theresa May says that this agreement will bring back their control over their money, laws and borders, and withholding free movement will save jobs, security and their association.

EU (EU)

  • In 1957 the European Union emerged with the economic partnership of 6 European countries by the Treaty of Rome.
  • At present, EU, UK is the economic and political platform of 28 European countries. There is also an administrative partnership among these countries.
  • It recognizes member countries as a single market.
  • Its laws apply to all European countries.
  • It has 28 official languages.
preliminary examination

Prelims Facts: November 17, 2018

Fitch Ratings

Looking at the risks on the big financial front, Fitch Ratings Agency announced that India's rating is currently stable with BBB, which is the lowest level in the category of investment, with the stable scenario.
    • This is the 12th consecutive year when Fitch Ratings has refused to upgrade India's rating.
    • According to the rating agency, India's macroeconomic scenario is very high risk and the reason for not improving India's rating is the country's weak fiscal position.
    • It is notable that Fitch Ratings Agency's rival agency Moody's improved the ratings of India in November 2017. Since then, the Government of India has been advocating a better ranking of India by Fitch Ratings Agency.
    • Rating agency believes that due to low growth in the debt business, there will be more problems for banking and non-banking financial sector.
    • Government debt has reached 70% of gross domestic product.
    • In the first half of the fiscal year 2018-19, the GST collection will not be easy to control and due to the upcoming elections, due to this, the difficulty in achieving the fiscal deficit target of 3.3% of GDP Will be
    • Fitch estimates that India's actual economic growth may increase from 6.7 percent in 2017-18 to 7.8 percent in 2018-19. But the rate of growth will decrease in the next two financial years.
    • The growth rate in the financial year 2019-20 and 2020-21 is estimated to reach 7.3% level.

Start-up India Investment Summit

Recently, the Indian Embassy in China organized the second start-up India Investment Conference in Beijing with the support of the Start-up India Association and Venture Gurukul .
  • Its aim is to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship among the Indian youth.
  • For the first time, the start-up India Investment Program was organized in November 2017.
  • Under this program, the goal of introducing China's venture capital and investors to start-up with India's start-up is to ensure that Indian start-ups get the opportunity to reach out to Chinese investors for their companies.
  • In this investment meeting, 42 Indian entrepreneurs associated with 20 Indian start-ups participated and contacted Chinese investors to invest in their companies. It is notable that 12 Indian start-ups took part in the first start-up India Investment Summit, out of which 4 start-ups received investment of 15 million US dollars from venture capital of China.
  • More than 350 venture capital funds and private investors from China participated in the current seminars and introductory sessions.

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