NGT support to the Nitrino Observatory located in India (environmental clearance to INO)

Why in the discussion?

National Green Tribunal-NGT has endorsed the environmental clearance given to India-based Neutrino Observatory-INO.

Background

  • In March 2018, the Expert Appraisal Committee of the Ministry of Environment and Forests approved this project but the sanction granted by the Expert Appraisal Committee was challenged on the basis that according to the rules and classification of the project, this project will be evaluated in Tamil Nadu. Should have been done by the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), not the experts of the Ministry of Environment and Forests. By the Evaluation Committee
  • But incidentally, SEIAA refused to assess the project and referred it to the Expert Appraisal Committee of the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
  • Recently, NGT rejecting the petition, justifying the environmental assessment of this project by the Expert Appraisal Committee.
  • This is the second time when the case of the INO reached the National Green Authority before the Chennai Bench of NGT had suspended the environmental clearance given in 2011, as the project was adjacent to the 5 km of MathaCertan Shola National Park in Idukki district. And there was no application for approval before the National Wildlife Board at that time. Then the NGT instructed the project to take environmental clearance with the approval of National Wildlife Board.

What is INO?

  • India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a major scientific project.
  • Its purpose is to study the particles called neutrino. Neutrinos are basic particles that are produced in the sun , stars and atmosphere naturally .
  • INO's plan is to provide world-class research facilities to students for experiments in the field of neutrinos physics.

Benefits of the INO Project

  • The INO project will increase scientific manpower, which will benefit the whole country.
  • INO has adopted cutting-edge technologies for its design and development as per the requirement. This will produce a generation which will make the country technically stronger.
  • In areas such as therapeutic reflection of detectors used in the INO. This kind of project will increase interaction between different areas and benefit mankind.

National green authority

  • For the effective and prompt settlement of matters relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources, including the enforcement of any legal rights related to the environment and assistance and compensation for the loss of persons and property and related matters related to it or related to it. Establishment of National Green Tribunal on 18.10.2010 under National Green Tribunal Act 2010 Mr. went.
  • It is a specialized body equipped with the expertise needed to deal with environmental disorders with multi-disciplinary problems.
  • The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure prescribed under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but it is guided by the principles of natural justice.

Why in the discussion?

After a long interval, the Great Flamingo Bird has appeared in the Hope Island of the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary. Beginning of winter, migratory birds arrive in different areas of the country. This is a continuous process, which has been running for centuries. But here again, due to pollution in the country and their way being unsafe, their number has decreased.

Background

  • About 13 thousand species of birds are found in the world, out of which about 1300 species are found in our country.
  • One important aspect of the life of these birds is migrations i.e. migration, but people are not adequately knowledgeable about this subject.
  • Tens of thousands of foreign birds fly in various parts of our country every year during the winter and by the end of March, the summer season starts back to their country.

How Migration Time Reveals?

  • Birds identify the changing season, depending on the quantity of light coming from the sun in the sky and the amount of daily light.
  • In such a way, when they feel that the time of travel has come, they start their long journey. The role of factors like food supplies, bad weather or hurricanes, air temperature, and its patterns are available in determining the right time for migration.
  • During a migration trip, birds also make changes in their practice of securing their journey.

Why do migration?

  • Availability of temperature and food grains are among the main reasons for bird migration. In winter, there is severe cold in Eastern Europe and Eurasia countries and the availability of food grains in the snowy areas also decreases.
  • Millions of the region such as millions of birds annually less cold countries (mostly due to fly to the African country). Although this migration is mostly occurs in winter, but can almost be seen at any time in the summer and monsoon.
  • The answer and left her home to stay on the south pole almost 50% birds winter are going in search of safe havens and end winter they are returned to their original locations.

Greater Flamingo

  • This is the state bird of Gujarat. Greater Flamingo is the largest in all types of flamingos.
  • Greater Flamingo Africa with South-Eastern parts of the various regions, Asia as well as in southern Europe are also found. It is found in the coastal areas of India and Pakistan in the Asian region.
  • They live in alkaline and salted lakes.
  • This species consumes mollusks, crustaceans, insects, crabs and small fish. Their diet includes various plants such as algae etc.
  • They get special pink color from the intake of brine shrimp and algae found in the coastal wetlands. Flamingo is the indicator of a healthy coastal environment.

Kouring Wildlife Sanctuary

  • It is the second largest mangrove forest in the country after the Sunderbans delta of West Bengal in India. It is located in Andhra Pradesh.
  • Here are a total of 24 species of mangrove. A total of 266 species of birds, including 94 migratory birds, are found in these species.

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