The right policy for conservation efforts

Context

Recently, Manbhakshi Baghini Avni was killed in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra. It is believed that this tigress had killed about 13-14 people in the last two years . Despite being the cannibal of this tigress, its killing is also being opposed. It is noteworthy that Avani was officially known as T- 1 . Actually, this event presents a true picture of efforts for conservation of wildlife. This is not a unique or new phenomenon, but the human-wildlife struggle is endemic in India. It can usually be portrayed as the negativity of development activity and the decline in natural habitats.

Due to human-wildlife conflict

  • However, there is some truth in this fact, but it is not completely true, rather it is very complex. Indeed, due to the conservation efforts directed by the economic downturn and poor design policy, humans often suffer from wildlife injuries.
  • According to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, by 2009 , more than 300 million people were directly or indirectly dependent on forest ecosystems.
  • It includes a large portion of the country's socio-economically weakest population, ie 67 . 7 million tribal population.
  • Their reliance is due to forest products such as livestock grazing, fuel wood and non-wood on the forests.
  • Apart from this, the dedicated primary medium i.e. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 has been unsuccessful in its conservation work to protect the forests and its biodiversity of India .

What is Wildlife (Protection) Act , 1972 ?

  • Government of India implemented the Wildlife (Protection) Act , 1972 with the aim of protecting the country's wildlife and effectively controlling the illegal trade of poaching, smuggling and wildlife and its derivatives .
  • This Act was amended in January 2003 and under the law, punishment and crimes for crimes were made more harsh.
  • The Ministry has proposed to introduce more stringent measures by amending the law to strengthen the Act.
  • Its purpose is to provide protection against the identified areas of endangered flora and fauna and environmentally important protected areas.

Challenges

  • Actually, the model of conservation established by the Wildlife Protection Act is based on the creation of human free zones for the protection of rare species.
  • Certainly it has been successful in preserving some species but in this way the approach of building human free zones is better for those countries which are less densely populated and more developed non-rural economy countries.
  • In India, this type of buffer zone has been able to settle with the economic rights of people with the transfer of areas.
  • It is notable that in order to guide the wildlife conservation during the year 2017-2031 as a Wildlife Action Plan draft of the current government, it is necessary for its success to get the support of the local population.
  • However, it reduces the possibility of supporting the creation of human-free areas for conservation of wildlife, and in the absence of support the local population can hinder the path of state's conservation efforts. For example, recently in the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve area of ​​Uttar Pradesh villagers crushed a tiger with a tractor after a local person was seriously injured.
  • The development of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 Man of transported trauma to approach the creation of free zones is that clearly the rights of local people recognized under , is encouraged to manage them natural resources and conservation.

Forest Rights Act , 2006

  • This Act not only provides for the right of self- agriculture or residence for livelihood but also gives several other rights to ensure their control over forest resources.
  • These ownership rights, access to archives , small use of forest produce and dispose of such community rights ; Right to residence for primitive tribal groups ; Such as community forest resource which they have been traditionally their safety or protection of the concrete used , resistance , includes rebuilding or protection or management of rights. 
  • This Act also provides for the use of forest life for public use facilities managed by government such as schools, hospitals , proper rate shops , electricity and telecommunications lines , water tanks etc. with the recommendation of Gram Sabhas .
  • Wild villages , old populated areas , villages without survey , and other villages in the forest area , even if theScheduled Tribes and other traditional forest areas (Forest Rights Recognition) Act 2006 ( Section 3 (1) ( H) of the forest , The right to establish and change the revenue is notified as a village or not, it is here.

Environmental debate versus more traditional development

  • If environmental considerations versus more traditional development, environmental extremists insist on adopting strong safety measures during developmental activities.
  • However, the current environmental protection framework of India has wandered through its conservation efforts, as well as the environmental impact assessment process is slightly more than a rubber stamp.
  • In view of this, it can prove to be a useful inquiry into the consent of local residents and affected Gram Sabha to remove forest rights act (FRA) for non-forestry purposes from forest land.
  • It is notable that in the opinion of many conservationists, the FRA empowers forest dwellers on the basis of forest and wildlife conservation efforts, on the other hand, in many cases, this Act has weakened the project from the point of view of implementation of projects It is uncomfortable in making and implementing projects.
  • Actually, environmentalists try to stop various developmental projects on the basis of FRA.

Forward path

  • The concept of development is a relative concept. It is known that the qualitative changes in the quality of life of mankind are truly development and the human race is an integral part of the biosphere of the environment, that is, both are related. But we can not pollute our future for prosperity.
  • It is notable that in his Union Budget speech in the year 1991 , then finance minister Manmohan Singh had said , " We can not destroy forests for prosperity and we can not pollute our path for prosperity".
  • The above statement presents the true picture of the sacrifice of environment in the name of development in the country, but even after three decades, India does not have the right policy and regulatory.
  • It is therefore necessary that through collective efforts, coordination between development and environmental protection activities should be maintained and sensitive issues like protection of environment and wildlife should be kept away from any political interference.

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